Historical photos are not mine. They are used for educational purposes. I own all other photographs. You may use all of my photographs, as long as proper credit is given.
This is the sixth in a ten part series about the heroes of World War II. You can view the introduction and table of contents to this series here.
At the beginning of each story I will give a maturity rating from 1-5. 1 means the story is appropriate for younger ages, and 5 means it is appropriate for teens and up. This story is rated 3.
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| Hans Scholl, Sophie Scholl, Christopher Probst Munich, 1942 |
Nazi hunter Simon Wiesenthal said, "For evil to flourish, the only thing required is for good men to do nothing." In an episode of Little House on the Prairie, Albert's father says, "If you don't speak up to people, bigots, then you're no better than they are. Worse, in fact. Because you know that its wrong and you allow them to think you feel the same things they do."
Sophie Scholl was born in 1921, the fourth of six children. Her family was Lutheran, and her father was vocally anti-Nazi. Despite her fathers protests, in the early 30s, Sophie willingly joined the Hitler Youth. She loved the games and excitement it brought, along with being with her friends. However, Sophie hated injustice. When the Nuremberg Laws came in 1935 and stripped the rights of all the Jews, Sophie was infuriated. She entered the University of Munich in 1942 where she studied biology and philosophy. That year, Sophie's father was imprisoned for making anti-Hitler comments.
In 1942, an anonymous essay entitled "The White Rose" floated around the University of Munich. Hans Scholl, medical student and brother of Sophie, read this anonymous anti-Nazi essay. Inspired by the audacity the author of the letter had, he began spreading the essay wherever they went - and thus, The White Rose was born. (It was known in German as Die Weiße Rose.) The original members were Hans Scholl, Willi Graf, and Christoph Probst. Originally, Hans tried to hide his involvement from Sophie but when Sophie found it, she joined.
There were six leaflets published in total. Four leaflets were under the title "The White Rose" and two were under the title "Leaflets of the Resistance." The leaflets were made and distributed from 1942 to 1943. The anonymous leaflets urged the population to speak up. Leaflet 4 bluntly stated, "We will not be silent. We are your bad conscience. The White Rose will not leave you in peace." You can see more excerpts from The White Rose leaflets here.
On February 18, 1943, Hans and Sophie spread the sixth leaflet around the University of Munich as usual. Right before the class break, Sophie noticed a huge stack of pamphlets still in their suitcase. At the top floor, she grabbed a handful of leaflets and flung them over the balcony, just as students were about to fill the atrium. A university janitor had seen them, and immediately turned them in.
Hans, Sophie, and Christoph Probst were arrested, tried, and sentenced to death. Christoph's wife was in the hospital with their third child.
During the middle of the trial, both of Sophie's parents came. Her mother was upset. Her father was proud of his children and wanted to defend them, but neither was allowed to come in. Before being executed, Hans and Sophie were allowed to have one last visit with their parents.
The court could not understand how three Germans, raised in German families, German schools and Hitler Youth, could rebel. Sophie boldly replied, "Somebody, after all, had to make a start. What we wrote and said is also believed by many others. They just don't dare to express themselves as we did.”
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| memorial at University of Munich Wikipedia, public domain |
While in prison, the Scholl's were most notable for their courage; they refused to show fear. Sophie walked to her death unflinching. Hans' last words were "Long live freedom!" The execution date was February 22, 1943. Soon after the Scholl's death, The White Rose's sixth leaflet was smuggled to the Allies. The Allies copied millions and air-dropped the leaflets all over Germany.
The White Rose's legacy still stands - today nearly all of German knows who these heroes are. Streets and places are named after the Scholl's and The White Rose. Pamphlets surround the University of Munich in commemoration. (You can see pictures here.) In 2005, a German movie entitled Sophie Scholl: The Final Days depicts The White Rose. You can view this movie on YouTube here. (It is in German with English subtitles. It is not graphic.)
The White Rose has been featured in other documentaries, movies, and books.
Although this quote comes from an unknown source, it is quoted in a 2008 book as Sophie and has a very fruitful message. "The real damage is done by those millions who want to survive. The honest men who just want to be left in peace. Those who don’t want their little lives disturbed by anything bigger than themselves. Those with no sides and no causes. Those who won’t take measure of their own strength, for fear of antagonizing their own weakness. Those who don’t like to make waves—or enemies. Those for whom freedom, honour, truth, and principles are only literature."
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| Members of The White Rose |
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In memory of Sophie Scholl, Hans Scholl, and the other members of the White Rose.
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